Yawning Bread. 9 October 2008

Academic freedom and the Rascals Prize


    

 

 

In 2005, when Warwick University turned down an invitation by Singapore's Economic Development Board to set up a branch campus here, among the reasons the university grave for its decision was that it could not be assured of academic freedom. There were concerns about political interference not just in the content of courses and research, but also with respect to freedom of expression for students.


"40 years is enough" - Warwick University students protest the continued occupation of Palestine.
    
 

I met with the university's project study team when they came here, and I remember very distinctly they said Warwick was proud of its tradition of student activism, and it would be critical that the same degree of freedom should be permitted in the proposed Singapore campus. They said they would not countenance different standards on different campuses as  inconsistency would hurt the Warwick brand.

When Warwick pulled out, the Straits Times went into damage control on behalf of the government. I recall a full page feature (or was it two pages?) where academics from the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Nanyang Technological University (NTU) were trotted out to declare that they enjoyed academic freedom. The dons slipped in some caveats here and there -- something about so long as it is confined to the classroom -- but the editorial direction was unmistakeably to rubbish Warwick's claims.

In 2008, we get the disproof

A story about an impromptu visit to the NTU campus by opposition leader Chee Soon Juan, intended for the university's student-run newspaper and television station, was stopped by the university administration. Explaining why it spiked the story, the university administration told 'Today' newspaper: "In this case, there is the potential of an unsolicited visit being given publicity in furtherance of a political objective."[1]

An earlier report in the Enquirer quoted the vice-chair of NTU's School of Communication and Information, Associate Professor Lee Chun Wah, as saying: "University is not an idealistic place. It’s an institution where we teach students in a practical manner." 

I find these statements disturbing. A university sits at the apex of an education system. If it is not the place to forge ideals or to engender a habit of public engagement -- another name for politics --then where do we inculcate these virtues? 

As most readers would know by now, the aggrieved students held a protest at Hong Lim Green on Sunday, 5 October 2008. [2] 

Of course we all know why the story could not be published in the campus media. In the matter of Chee Soon Juan and his Singapore Democratic Party, the govenrment's policy appears to be to deny them any publicity on their terms, or even neutral terms. Meanwhile, the mainstream media engages in a sustained demonisation of Chee and his party on behalf of the ruling party. Thus, to allow Chee to initiate his own publicity through his actions (such as visits to a university) would be contrary to the campaign.

Now, whether the university authorities knew by themselves that they should follow this line, and took the decision to censor the story on their own, or whether instructions came to them from some ministry, we don't know. Perhaps one day, the truth will come out.

* * * * *

 
Yet, in a sense, something has changed. This attempt to spike the story has failed, and in fact has boomeranged on the authorities, both university and state, for now lots more people in Singapore know that Chee visited the campus to distribute flyers and that students saw it as a newsworthy event.

Internet technology made a difference. The students running the campus newspaper and TV station put out their grievances through Facebook and opened a new blog (The Enquirer). The loosening of rules at Hong Lim Green also made a difference, legitimising protests there. The media showed up; Reuters and AFP carried the story around the world.

 

Contrast this with the lack of publicity when in 2001 the authorities banned a video documentary about opposition leader J B Jeyaretnam (recently deceased).

I found this snippet of information about the incident in Singapore Window:

In 2001, a 15-minute film about long-time opposition politician J.B Jeyaretnam, Vision of Persistence, by three lecturers at the local Ngee Ann Polytechnic was also banned because of its political content.

And in Singabloodypore:

Apr 2001 : Government officers raided Ngee Ann Polytechnic and confiscated film equipment and tapes after three lecturers had made a documentary about JB Jeyaratnam. The three were told that they could be charged in court if they went ahead with a planned screening of the film at the Singapore International Film Festival. They submitted written apologies for making the film and withdrew it from the Festival.

* * * * *

 
Singapore is not alone as a place where academic freedom is compromised. Nor is politics the only subject area considered untouchable. Gay-related work is often considered taboo too.

In April last year, five students were expelled from St Joseph's College of Communication in Kerala, India, for making a 5-minute film depicting homosexuality. The BA (Multimedia) students had made the film for an inter-college film festival.

The school administration felt that the film Secret Minds would corrupt young minds. One teacher said, "We teach modern technology and so we are generally open to new ideas. But this film was outrageously indecent."

The college authorities further said that the students had also acted entirely nude in it.

Prathyush, one of the students, denied the allegations. He said the film was well within the confines of the course to which they were admitted, and that they had acted only partially nude as required by the script.

"In any case, the film was not for public viewing but for a specific festival audience. They are just creating unnecessary fuss," he added.

See NDTV story at right.

A similar story – this time in Malaysia -- was related to me in August this year. I was attending a screening of short films, and one of the films was introduced as a graduation work by a film school student. It had a gay couple in it who were shown making love in the shower, then breaking up and finally coming together again. The organiser told the audience that the student was expelled for making the film. He never graduated. His lecturer too was expelled.

Unfortunately, for the life of me, I can neither recall the name of the film nor the filmmaker.

* * * * *

 

Source: NDTV

Students expelled for gay film 

Nandagopal
Saturday, May 19, 2007

Five students of St Joseph's College of Communication at Chenganassery in Kerala were expelled last month for making a film on homosexuality.

Secret Minds is a five minute film that explores the hypocrisy surrounding homosexuality in our society.

Jeo Baby, the director of the film, does not regret making it, but what he regrets is that along with him four of his fellow students were expelled for acting in the film.

The authorities at the institute felt that their film would corrupt young minds.

"I made a film about homosexuality. In our society, lot of homosexual people live with us. How many of them admit to being homosexuals? They are secret minds, that is our mentality, we live in a secret society," said Jeo Baby, Expelled film student.

Jeo's earlier films Ponnu - a film on teen pregnancy and God's Own Country - a film on begging - have won awards at student film festivals but this one seems to have touched a raw nerve.

The expelled students have now appealed to the vice-chancellor of MG University in Kottayam.

One of them has even filed a writ petition in the high court.

Dijo Augustine, a close friend of Jeo and co-producer of the film, says that making the film hadn't been easy. They had to do with the Rs 2000 that they had collected from friends.

Now they are very demoralized.

"Secret Minds is an experimental film. We believed that the authorities will encourage our creativity. But the response was quite disappointing for all of us," said Dijo Augustine, Co-producer, Secret Minds.

When NDTV contacted the college principal, he refused to comment, saying the matter was now sub-judice.

Intolerance to alternative viewpoints at educational institutions - if this is the message that is being sent out to students, then there is little hope for any real change in our society.

 

For a long while too, homosexuality was a taboo subject in Singapore's academia. Even at tertiary level, as little as possible of the subject was included in courses. Lecturers would not encourage students to do project work or research in such a field, lest it reflect badly on themselves and stunt their careers, if not get them into trouble with the state.

But little by little, things changed. It took a few brave academics to break the silence about the subject and reject the demands that homosexuality must be approached in judgementally negative ways. They saw this subject as worthy of intellectual enquiry and they began to encourage their students to do likewise.

As a result, over the last 5 years, I and my associates in People Like Us have seen an increasing stream of students approaching us for their project work. They have come from various disciplines, ranging from Business to Sociology, from Communications to Psychology, even Engineering. The most recent chap came from La Salle, a school that focuses on the arts.

Some of the students who have interviewed us have struck us as very bright, asking searching, challenging questions. Bit by bit, they are adding to the body of knowledge about sexual orientation and the place of gay people, in the Singapore context.

People Like Us now thinks it is time to honour the best work periodically. For that, we have instituted the Rascals Prize, with a cash award worth S$2,000, for the best research work -– not just by students, but also open to any independent researcher, regardless of age, nationality or occupation -– related to sexual orientation or transgenderism, and Singapore.

The prize is named after a seminal event in 1993 that occurred at a disco called Rascals. One Sunday night in May that year, the police barged in rudely to harass the mostly gay patrons of the club -- one of many such incidents -- and even hauled off some of them to the police station. But instead of taking it meekly, this time 22 of them got together to send a letter of protest to the police. They got an apology in reply.

The winner of the Rascals Prize will be decided by a jury of four highly regarded academics, all of whom are independent of People Like Us. They are:

  1. Professor Michael Hor Yew Meng, NUS Law Faculty, also Chief Editor of the Singapore Journal of Legal Studies. He has written extensively on criminal law in Singapore.
      
  2. Associate Professor Quah Sy Ren, Acting Head of the Chinese Division, School of Humanities and Social Science, NTU. An essayist and playwright, he is actively involved in the arts and civil society. 
      
  3. Dr Sharon Siddique, a partner in a regional research consulting company based in Singapore. Prior to that, she was Deputy Director of the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies where her research interest covers issues of culture, race and religion. 
      
  4. Dr Kenneth Paul Tan, Assistant Professor of Political Science at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, NUS. He specializes in Singapore studies and focusing on topics such as democracy, civil society, media, multiculturalism, and meritocracy.

(It should be noted that they have agreed in their personal capacities, and their official affiliations mentioned above are only for reference.)

The submissions will be assessed for intellectual and research merit, and not whether the conclusions suit or not suit People Like Us' aims.

So if you've got work done on this subject, the time to submit it is now. For more details, see the Rules.

© Yawning Bread 


 

 

 

 

Many unexplored areas

Sexual orientation as a field of study in Singapore is still in its infancy. There are loads of unexplored areas, and very few answers. For example, I can, just sitting at my keyboard, think of intriguing questions like:

1. How do young men in fulltime national service, staying in-camp, respond to one or more fellow soldiers who is known to be gay? How have their own attitudes been impacted by the presence of a gay national serviceman in their midst?

2. Why do certain entertainment establishments set aside one night as a gay night? How much retooling (of music, DJ, drinks menu, staff mix) do they need to do in order attract a gay crowd? Why do some succeed in attracting gay clientele and others not?

3. Female-to-male transgenders (FTM) adopt a very different strategy from male-to-female transgenders (MTF), in their interaction with wider society. FTMs rely almost exclusively on passing off as straight men, whereas MTFs are rarely able to pass as women unless their sex change surgery is complete (and even then, some remain noticeable) and so have to assert their rights. Which strategy works better, in terms of social acceptance? In terms of personal fulfilment and happiness?

4. Studies in other countries have shown that gay youth are six times more likely to take their own lives, such being the homophobia they encounter. What is the ratio in Singapore?

5. Focussing on Chinese Singaporeans who are Taoist, Confucianist or Buddhist and who belong to the socio-economic profile of "heartlanders", how are their attitudes to homosexuality constructed and rationalised? What are their sources of information? How do they respond to gay sons and daughters?

6. Unlike girlie prostitution, the business of male rentboys is characterised by a smaller role for the pimp, or very often, no pimp at all; typically, the boys are autonomous freelancers. There is also a lot more use of internet technology to connect client with service provider. What factors are behind such a difference in business model?

7. Are all-girls schools healthier environments for young lesbians? Do mixed-sex schools impose heterosexual pressures at an earlier age?

8. How have ministers' terminology changed over the years when referring to homosexuality and gay people? What changes in policies are implied by the evolving language used?

 

Footnotes

  1. Today, 4 October 2008, NTU tells why it canned news story. Link.  
    Return to where you left off

  2. For a report on the protest, see this and this
    Return to where you left off

Addenda

None